Economic development and the structure of Egypts economy

Egypt is one of the World’s economically diversified middle-income countries with both the private and public sectors contributing to the growth of its GDP. The country has good prospects for the medium term growth based on continual structural reforms. The country also has substantial natural resources including oil and gas and rich agricultural and manufacturing sectors.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Economic development and the structure of Egypt’s economy specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The country is strategically located along the Suez Canal and utilizes its tourist industry to increase on foreign exchange earnings. The growth of the GDP in the first quarter of the year 2012 was recorded at 5.2% which was an increase from previous years. However, the GDP growth was determined to be below the average growth of 6% amidst severe political unrest that was experienced (HKTDC, 2012). The competit iveness of Egyptian economy was enhanced by the government’s implementation of floating exchange rate and the frequent depreciation of the currency. The Egyptian pound was floated in the year 2003 leading to drastic depreciation in the exchange rate. However, the government managed to avert the effects by introducing some form of control. Unified and flexible exchange rate system was enabled through establishment of what was referred to as self-regulatory inter-bank foreign exchange market. This has helped in the creation of a liquid foreign exchange market leading to stabilization of the Egyptian pound and consolidation of parallel market rates (HKTDC, 2012). The country has experienced increased export of goods between the year 2001 and 2006. The rate increased from 8% to 17% of GDP respectively. Such rate of recovery is attributed to the impacts caused by depreciation in exchange rates and recovery within the global economy. The level of import also recorded high rates bet ween the years 2001 and 2006, rising from 16% to 28% respectively (Krugman and Obstfeld, 2011). This revealed that imports were valued at higher prices. However, the effects of higher import prices could be experienced in the nature of deficit within the merchandise trade balance (HKTDC, 2012). The recent case on recession, led to the easing of Egypt’s inflation rate from 20% in 2008 to 9% in first quarter of 2012. Despite the recorded decrease over previous years, there is high expectation of increase in the rates in the near future. This is speculated from the nature of price increase on goods experienced within the global market.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Various challenges contributing to weaknesses within the global market poses a big threat to Egypt’s economy (HKTDC, 2012). Additionally, the current political instability poses a major challenge to t he economy. The recent political unrest experienced in the country made investors to shy away owing to disruption of flow of goods from manufacturing and tourism sectors. The economic policymaking may encounter significant draw-backs owing to conflict amongst various groups with arms of government. Trade Policies Egypt has been a member of the World Trade Organization since 1995 and this has helped the country to operate under liberal trade policies. The country also revamped their tariff regime upholding new tariff structure which promoted the removal of service fees and import surcharges not in agreement with WTO policies. Such move contributed towards the reduction of official tariff rates charged on commodities. Additionally, the Egyptian government made a liberating move by cutting duties for over one thousand items in the year 2007. This made the weighted rate to fall to 6.9%, making over 90% of agricultural products and approximately 85% of non- agricultural products to be ch arged less than 15%. The government highly protects automotive and textile industries, with 40% tariff being charged on imported vehicles (Krugman and Obstfeld, 2011). However, the country experienced a set-back in the agricultural sector with the government banning export of rice owing to escalating food prices in 2008(HKTDC, 2012). One of the strategies used by Egyptian government to restore sanity within its market is introducing restrictive labelling rule on imported food products. This ensures use of appropriate packages which are health conscious and at the same time capable of preserving the product’s characteristics. The labelling should be done in Egyptian national language. Such labelling include; the type of product and its brand name, country of manufacture, both dates of production and expiry, also included should be instructions and prescriptions on the usage of the product (HKTDC, 2012). The country is divided into a number of free trade zones such as Cairo, Al exandria, and Port Said amongst others. Where all commodities moving in and out of the zones are not taxed. This also applies to all exports including machinery and other equipment from the zones.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Economic development and the structure of Egypt’s economy specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The European Union and the United States are some of the biggest trading partners of Egypt (HKTDC, 2012). The import volume in Egypt recorded a 24% increase in the year 2009. However, the country experiences trade imbalances due to surplus imports. The major items of import for Egypt include; food, equipment, wood products and commodities with the United States recorded as the largest import partner of Egypt followed by China (Hill, 2006). Agricultural sector The share value of GDP from Agricultural sector is valued at 14% since 2006. The sector caters for a good percentage of the labour for ce and substantial foreign exchange earnings. Crops mostly cultivated within the agricultural regions include; cotton, wheat, rice, beans and clover. The implementation of price liberation policies gave the sector a boost making it an important player on Egypt’s economy. However, arable land is limited in Egypt despite the government plans of reclaiming minimum of 63000 hectares annually. The average demand for agricultural products has increased over the years. This is attributed to high population growth rate and also need for additional earnings from export. Over 90% of the agricultural sector in Egypt is in private hands, the public sector is mostly involved in agriculture marketing and distribution while the private sector hold big share in food distribution (Hill, 2006). Conclusion The country has given priority to industrial upgrading and technology transfer, and at the same time. The growth of the GDP in the first quarter of the year 2012 was recorded at 5.2% which wa s an increase from the previous year. However, the GDP growth was determined to be below the average growth of 6% amidst severe political unrest that was experienced improving the credibility attached to public policies. The government adopted a program known as Industrial Modernization Program (IMP), used in the upgrading of the industrial sector and assist in diversifying the country’s economy. This program is also essential for preparing the industrial sector for the challenges within the global market. Currently the industrial sector contributes averagely 20% of the GDP, hence one of the main contributors to the county’s economy. References Hill, C. W. (2006).  Global business today  (4th ed. p. 449). Boston: McGraw Hill/Irwin HKTDC. (2012). Egypt Market Profile. Retrieved from http://emerging-markets-research.hktdc.com/Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Krugman, P.R. Obstfeld, M. (2011). International Economics: Theory and Policy. (9th Edition). New York, NY: Pearson This essay on Economic development and the structure of Egypt’s economy was written and submitted by user Hallie Y. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Travel Industry Investigation

Travel Industry Investigation Introduction It is crucial for every new company to examine the industry to figure out its strengths and weaknesses. Such investigation is needed to analyze competitors, see if there are available positions on the market, and how hard it is to gain customers. Based on the results of the research, a company may develop a list of needed resources that are necessary for the success of chosen strategy.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Travel Industry Investigation specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This kind of investigation allows a company to research technologies and methods that are being used by the competitors, and their effectiveness. The travel industry is as a set of various enterprises and organizations that provide numerous services. Competitive Environment The growth rate of the travel industry in the last few years has been extremely rapid. Currently, The United States and China are two leading countri es in this business. The travel industry has directly contributed $2,364.8B to the world’s GDP, and its total contribution was $7,580.9B in 2014 (Ali, 2015). These numbers are enormous and make travel business play a huge role in the global economy. This industry has supported 105,408,000 job spots, and it has invested $814,4B in 2014 (Ali, 2015). It is necessary for the industry to keep developing, so new jobs are created. Travel contributes to total GDP through such commodities as transportation and entertainment (Ali, 2015). This business is impacted by seasonality, and it is one of the core issues of this industry. There are so called high season and low season. Travel companies gain the most profit during the high season, and tickets are rarely bought during the low season. This happens because travelling is extremely dependent on changes in climate. Summer is often the most profitable season because of holidays and vacations. Some customers prefer to visit certain count ries during a particular time of year. The economic situation is also crucial because this industry is extremely sensitive to economic changes. Schoinas and OConnell (2011) state that the global economic recession has had a severe impact on the air transport industry (p. 354). This claim signifies that this industry still suffers from the consequences of the recession just like the others. There are sub-industries such as hotel chains, trade and transportation companies, travel agencies and others. The hospitality industry is one of the biggest sub-industries. It provides transportation, lodging, and other services. Some enterprises in the travel business develop technologies, some provide services, and some offer support to other companies.Advertising Looking for research paper on communications media? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Alliances and partnerships are often formed on beneficial terms to provide each ot her with a range of services. Overall, this industry is developing at an extremely fast rate, and it should not stop anytime soon. Expedia is the leader of this industry in the United States. Currently, it holds about 26% of the market share thanks to the acquisition of an innovative search engine (Trefis Team, 2014). The biggest competitor for Expedia is Orbitz Worldwide, and it holds 21 percents of market share based on the available data (Trefis Team, 2014). The next biggest competitors are Priceline and Travelocity. Their combined market share is around 95 percents, and it allows them to set the standards for other firms. Industry Environment Every single company in the travel industry chooses a primary group of clients and continues to focus on that group. Some prefer to offer their services to leisure travelers and others focus on business passengers. It is necessary for every company to select and focus on the particular target market. The determination of the target group is one of the biggest problems. The primary customers are those with average or high income. Every travelling company focuses on a selected group of clients and picks the position in the market. Robinson (2009) states that a review of its internal resources and competencies can enable the business to determine its future strategic direction (p. 114). Differently put, it is necessary to investigate the available resources for a company in the travel industry. The key suppliers are travel agencies. Currently, the market is stable because of new technologies. However, it is extremely prone to changes in the environment because it is extremely complex and not stable. Xiang and Formica (2007) state that the environment changes constantly and generates uncertainty for decision makers in the organizations that are responsible for identifying external opportunities and threats (p. 1194). This means that it is relatively hard for managers to develop strategies based on analyzed data, and becau se of this environmental scanning is often used. Key issues of this industry are problems with registration and problems with excessive emission. The whole industry is regulated by the government. The United States Environmental Protection Agency plans to set new emission standards because currently it is not controlled that well. Such regulations have a huge impact on the industry because travel companies may need to develop new technologies to meet the standards.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Travel Industry Investigation specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Financial Aspects Total travel expenditures in the United States were $136,700B in 2014 (The World Bank, 2015). Average annual costs for information technologies are $20B each year. The average annual expenditures are ten percents of revenue. Schinasi (2003) claims that the market is stable if there is an absence of the kind of volatility that could hav e severe economic consequences (p. 4). In other words, the market stability is dependent on how prices vary. Multimodal Transport System, Hadoop tools, Mobile Retail Solution, Fully-Integrated Inflight Entertainment and Connectivity System, and Real Time Content are often deployed. Such systems are different, but they are implemented to enhance the experience of customers. The number of travel applications is enormous. Most of them are available on iOS, Android, and Windows Phone. The most popular applications are entirely free, and paid applications often have better functionality. Such applications like Uber allow users to take a taxi from the phone in foreign countries (Talty, 2015). Similarly, Waze is an extremely useful GPS navigator that lets one to read traffic reports that were submitted by other users. WeatherPro is a great travel application for those interested in weather reports. A user is able to get detailed information about flight paths with FlightTrack. XE Currency is the leading application for currency conversion. Similarly, Converter Plus allows other types of operations besides the standard one. Entrain is a quite innovative applications that can help one to beat the jet lag. Packing Pro is extremely helpful because it suggests a list of items that you may want to pack for a vacation. Perfect World Clock is a great addition to the arsenal of applications for those who travel a lot, and it is hard for them to keep track of time zones. Skyscanner is a leader among booking applications. It allows its users to have a quick access to detailed information about price changes. Similarly, Hostelworld helps users to book cheap hotels and read customer reviews. Stayful lets one to find a hotel based on the budget and also helps with the process of negotiation. Google, MeteoGroup and Uber are the leading developers of this kind of applications. Overall, there are all kinds of travel applications, and they make visits to other countries much more comf ortable for the customers while being extremely profitable. Standards Standards are crucial for this industry because the safety of customers is of utmost importance. There are companies that focus on raising the standards in the travel business such as ABTA that functions for 65 years already. There are two standard bodies in this industry.Advertising Looking for research paper on communications media? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More International Air Transportation Association provides a range of protocols and other information that may be purchased. OnepTravel Alliance is another standard body that transfers information and supports various standards. NDC Program creates standards for communication for the whole industry. Trends and Innovation Currently, there are four technology trends in the travel industry: cloud enablement, social media explosion, the mobile revolution, and analytics (Peterson, 2014). The first trend allows companies to interact with the customers in entirely different ways because of changes in the way the data is accessed. Social media is a great way for travel companies to promote themselves, and it is an extremely useful when gathering information about the clients. The mobile revolution has led to dramatic changes in the way travelling is perceived. The positioning of the relatives is no longer a matter of concern because of new mobile services. New technologies allow customers to sha re their travelling experience with others via photos or blogs, and the profit of travel companies is increased as a result. The last trend is so important because it allows companies to have a better understanding of the recorded information. Predictions and strategies are developed based on the received data. New models of aircraft should also have an enormous impact on the industry. However, some companies like Southwest Airlines prefer to use only one type of jet airliners because fleet commonality has numerous advantages from the logistic and economic standpoint. Aircraft of the same kind is much easier to repair, and standard parts are easier to attain. Another important aspect that should be noted is that there is no need for additional training of employees if only a single type of aircraft is being used. However, there are limited opportunities for progression and development when the airline does not offer long range flights. Maintenance costs are enormous and hard to mana ge because of a number of flights that take place each day. Mobile and Internet services are game changers for this industry. Smartphones allow customers to order tickets at last possible minutes. There are mobile applications that guide users through a country in the way a human guide would. Web sites offer travel suggestions that are personalized based on the collected and analyzed data. All the information about travelling is available in real-time and can be easily accessed, and many customers find it extremely convenient. New technologies also allow companies to advertise their services in different, previously not possible ways. There are organizations that specialize in the development of new technologies for this industry. Google is one of the leaders because it offers a number of services such as the Google Maps and Google Now. Google Glass and Smartwatches are going to become a future of this business if they become more affordable for an average customer. Geolocation serv ices also have changed the industry. These services help users with keeping track of their positioning not just outside but even indoors. Visited locations are also remembered, and it is helpful in case of emergency. A possibility of space tourism should also significantly impact the industry. However, it is still in the relatively early stage of development. Tours to Europe are becoming increasingly more popular. There are such hot spots as Netherland, Iceland, Switzerland, Austria, Spain, Germany, France and Slovakia. Also, there are countries that were always popular with tourists such as India, Japan and Costa Rica among others. Conclusion In conclusion, the travel industry is enormous, and there is always room for competition. It is paramount for the global economy because of its contribution to the world’s GDP and the number of job spots it currently supports. This business continues to grow at incredibly fast rates thanks to the introduction of new technologies and con tinuous increase in the interest of customers. Travelling is relatively affordable nowadays, and not the way it used to be years ago. Companies in this industry always develop new strategies and methods to make sure that the customers are satisfied. Clients of travelling companies prefer to stay loyal, and it is necessary to keep such customers. However, the industry’s economic sensitivity and the fact that it is so hugely impacted by seasonality prevent this industry from even further development. Nevertheless, the travel industry is huge, and it is the future of entertainment. References Ali, R. (2015). Five charts that explain the size of the global travel industry in 2015. Retrieved from http://skift.com/2015/04/13/five-charts-that-explain-the-size-of-the-global-travel-industry-in-2015/ Peterson, S. (2014). Four ways technology is reinventing the travel industry. Retrieved from forbes.com/sites/ibm/2014/09/29/four-ways-technology-is-reinventing-the-travel-industry/ Robins on, P. (2009). Operations management in the travel industry. Wallingford, UK: CABI. Schinasi, G. (2003). Responsibility of Central banks for stability in financial markets. Washington, DC.: International Monetary Fund. Schoinas, D., OConnell, J. (2011). The airline retail industry: a customers perspective. World Review of Intermodal Transportation Research, 3(4), 353-375. Talty, A. (2015). Best Travel Apps for 2015. Retrieved from forbes.com/sites/alexandratalty/2014/12/11/best-travel-apps-for-2015/ The World Bank. (2015). International tourism, expenditures (current US$). Retrieved from http://data.worldbank.org/indicator/ST.INT.XPND.CD Trefis Team (2014). Competitive landscape of the U.S. online travel market is transforming. Retrieved from forbes.com/sites/greatspeculations/2014/04/08/competitive-landscape-of-the-u-s-online-travel-market-is-transforming/ Xiang, Z., Formica, S. (2007). Mapping environmental change in tourism: A study of the incentive travel industry. Tourism Man agement, 28(5), 1193-1202.

Organisational Direction on Coca-Cola Company Essay

Organisational Direction on Coca-Cola Company - Essay Example The study analysed strategic position of the company and discussed several challenges facing Coca-Cola Company. A range of alternative strategic options which meets strategic aims and objectives are also discussed in this paper. Coca-Cola Company is one of the largest producers of non-alcoholic beverages company in the world. It specializes in manufacturing different varieties of soft drinks used all over the world. It started its operations in Georgia, United States of America in 1886 and has grown into a multinational corporation with more than 200 countries in which it operates in. Opening up and operation of this several branches has enabled it satisfy their customers and globalize its market. It is a public company owned by several shareholders and is rated as one of the best company in stock exchange market. The company is majorly designed to produce several concentrates, syrup and beverage bases from its main branch. The manufactured concentrates are then distributed all over the world to more than three hundred bottling partners. The bottling partners are responsible for producing a wide range of Coca-Cola products and distributing them to the final consumers. The main Coca-Cola Company therefore remains to enjoy the name of the brand and it is liable to any problem arising from use of its products. It remains to be the largest and leading manufacturer, marketer and distributor of non-alcoholic beverages up-to-date. ... The bottling partners are responsible for producing a wide range of Coca-Cola products and distributing them to the final consumers. The main Coca-Cola Company therefore remains to enjoy the name of the brand and it is liable to any problem arising from use of its products. It remains to be the largest and leading manufacturer, marketer and distributor of non-alcoholic beverages up-to-date. Coca-Cola Company has managed to employ over thirty thousand people around the world and greatly involves itself in corporate social responsibilities. They now boast to be the world best soft drink providers since their drink brands have become the world favourite soft drink. Its potential competitors include: Pepsi Company having twenty one percent of the global market, Cadbury Schweppes Company with eight percent while coca cola itself dominates with forty seven percent of the world soft drink market. The rest of percentage is shared among other small soft drink companies which are not a major t hreat to the company. They include; Cott and AmBev in Latin America. The company has indicated that for it to remain a global soft drink provider it needs to stay local and satisfy tastes and preferences of its customers. 3.0 Strategic aims Every organization has aims that it intends to see through during its operation. Coca cola company has several aims for conducting its business and this includes; inspiring moments of optimism through their brands and their various planned actions, creating value for their customers in different parts of the world by offering quality standardized products, making a difference from all refreshment brands offered and corporate social responsibilities that they get

Group project discussion Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Group project discussion - Essay Example f the applications can be applied to gain a competitive advantage in the market and to reap higher profits through either cost cutting or making higher revenues. Below, each of these applications is discussed along with its benefits and challenges of implementation. Customers are the main focus of SWU who they must treat with care, respect and value so that they keep returning to buy home decorations. The aim of a CRM system is to deliver the company’s services in such a way that it builds goodwill and customer loyalty. It is an interactive process that turns customer information into positive customer relationships. By offering â€Å"the right product (or service), to the right customer, at the right place, at the right time through the right channel, to satisfy the customer’s need or desire† customer loyalty, customer retention and customer profitability can be built (Swift, 2001). Today the emphasis of marketing has shifted towards 1 to 1 marketing and thus CRM now caters to needs of the customers by giving them customized products and services. Deploying CRM software from well known vendors including Siebel, SAP and Oracle, even large organizations are reaping enormous profits. CRM has grown into a business need and SWU can gain more market share by implementing it to cater to its small customer base. (Turban et al., 2005) While CRM systems cater to the customer side, SCM is involved at maintaining healthy relationships with the company’s suppliers and improving its supply side processes. Being a manufacturer of home decoration goods, SWU needs supplies and inventories of raw materials at the manufacturing times. Inventory management, costing, production and maintaining friendly relationships with the suppliers all comes under the domain of SCM. However in a competitive world, only this is not enough. The company needs to collaborate and share its information with the suppliers making them business partners to achieve the necessary integration required

The significance of budgeting in a non-profit organization

The significance of budgeting in a non-profit organization Introduction Budgeting is enormously significant in a non-profit making organization. A profit enterprise centralizes on maximum the profits and shareholder value, whereas, a non-profit organization is focus on their goals. Deficient of financial flexibility always appear in a not-for-profit association as they are not undertake an exchange transaction, they just provide social service and their funds is rely on the donation. There will be a disaster for them if the demands for the social service are increased because their resources may be not enough to deal with and it is hard to predict the demand from year to year. Hence, they will emphasis on manage resources, most non-profit making organizations are using zero based budgeting rather than incremental budgeting, because it presents every decision package in detail so that zero based budgeting can serves as a tool for systematically examining and perhaps abandoning any unproductive projects(Drury,2008,P.375). Zero-based budgeting is a method of planning and decision making which seek to overcome the deficiencies in traditional budgeting. In traditional budgeting, the organization will take the existing operations as a base to prepare a new budgeting (what has been already spent is automatically allowed). The base will alter for the changes that forecast to happen in the next period and plus changes for the inflation. By contrast, zero-based budgeting begins with zero bases in every period as if the activities were beginning like the first time. This method requires all manager demonstrate the suggest budgets in complete detail such as how many worker are needed, what material will purchase, what difficulties will occur when implement the activities and so on and illustrate why these budgets the organization should be spend on. Then the management ought to prioritize all budget bases on the importance of the needs, it can merge all old and new budgets into one ranking that permit top management to contrast and estimate the needs of each budget and make funding allocation. Zero-based budgeting helps managers to classify the activities which should continue, which should withdraw and which should concentrate on. Furthermore, zero-based budgeting can compare different departments which can help the management more easily to ranking each activity. About the Company The Samaritan Befrienders Hong Kong (SBHK) is a non-profit making organization. During 1960, it was established and using the name of Suicide Prevention Society. It was no other similar organization established in Asian, they are the fist one. They renamed the organization as The Samaritan Befrienders Hong Kong in 1963. During 70s, SBHK offered services by two languages which are Cantonese and English. SBHK is non-religious in nature. Their missions are on humanitarian basis, to befriend, people that are facing difficulties or are forlorn and disheartened, and then help them to rebuild their confidence. In addition, they will organize seminars, talks, education programme to publicize and further the spirit of their service in the society. Furthermore, they will help South East Asia and near region to set up organizations with a character and mission similar to them. How zero based budgeting could be used at the organization? The objective of the activity The objectives of suicide crisis intervention centre are to provide 24 hours core services to those have high and moderate suicide intention people. Also, they will offer intensive counseling, arrange different types of therapeutic and support volunteer teams. Furthermore, they will share the experience to public and via the training, media and advisory service to develop the awareness of knowledge that how to identify and handle the suicide problems. What extent are objective achieved We can see that from the annual reports that the objective achieve is successful, their organization is become more big each year, and the figures of using the service is increase every year which means that their effort is success, because many suicide people look for them to asking a help, it may decrease the number of suicide. How is the achievement measured There are some measure methods to evaluate the achievement. For instance, the overall statistics of services which can show how many people have used the service during the year, we can see that the main user group is by phone call, it almost have around 70% of total services. The other main measurement is the figures about suicide in Hong Kong. Because their aim is to reduce suicide in Hong Kong, the figures can illustrate that how many people committed suicide each year. It is easy to see that if the figures are decreased within the year, the activities were successful and vice versa. Alternative ways to meet objective They also have other way to achieve the objective which is life education centre. The works of life education is organize the education programmes such as workshops, talks, follow-up groups, volunteers training course, publications and suicide prevention resources library to reduce and prevent suicide and broadcast the message of life cherishment to public. Also, there are some other organizations that have work on the same objective, for example, International Association for Suicide Prevention, Befrienders International and etc. Most cost effective alternative This is a non-profit making organization, the funding is limited, and therefore cost effective is very important. The most cost effective method is to recruit more volunteer workers which are free workers, it can save much money. Impact of discontinuing the activity If discontinuing this activity, it will be some problems appear. Some people may have already use this service for a long time, but suddenly closing the activity will make them loss the support, then may suicide again. Moreover, discontinuing the activity will lead the existing user change to other organization to look for help, but it may make other organization overload, therefore, they can not help all people, it will result in increase the suicide numbers. The types of activities in this non-profit making organization that is best suited to a zero-based budgeting approach. Decision Packages: There is several decision packages that are now undertake in this activity seeks to win the funding. We are taking two of them to discuss. We can see that the case counseling service will be the best, because it is more matches with the activity objective and more directly reach the goal which is offering intensive counseling. The second package has achieved the goal too, but it is indirectly reach the goal, and it may take a long period to achieve the objective. Therefore, the decision packages ranking is that Case counseling service is the first one and Professional talks/Workshops/forum is the second. The advantages that a zero-based budgeting system may offer to the organization that over an incremental system The main advantage of the zero based budgeting over an incremental system is that it combine budgeting and planning into one process which is focused on analysis of needs, objectives and priorities. In incremental system, the organization tends to use existing budget as a base, then adjust for changes that they predict happen in the next period. But, zero based budgeting requires manager justify all budgets in detail which can help the top management efficient distribution of funds by organization needs, objectives and priorities. Furthermore, it can detect inflated budgets and eliminate wasteful and outdated activities because those activities are not cost-effective operation and it will not be allocated funds. This can encourage manager to detect a cost-effective ways to amend the operations, not like incremental budgeting system that previous activities are automatically allowed. Also, it increase subordinate staff responsibility and initiative for decision-making since not only the manager involves in decision process but also include the lower level staff which can improve coordination and communication in the association. In additional, zero based budgeting capable to discover the chances for outsourcing and helpful to measure achievement of results for service departments rather than incremental system. The problems that might be faced by the introduction of zero-based budgeting The main problems of zero-based budgeting is that deal with vast amount of work and time consuming as it need to collect and analysis a lot of information and demand managers must distinctly realize the operation at different level for prepare budgeting which will increase the training cost. Apart from time consuming, the other problems arise to management is that it is really difficult to judging and prioritize decision package since they have to read numerous packages source, if compress the data down to a acceptable size the significant information may be removed, and have to follow the internal politics, sometimes, they might use personal sense to estimate therefore it is not truly objective. Moreover, the organization may face dishonesty managers who might overstate the results or understate the expenditures. In addition, it is costly to operate because of this budgeting is really complexity and it may focus on short term benefits rather than long term planning. There are more managers participate in the operation as a result of difficult to communicate and manage. Conclusions Zero based budgeting requires a huge resource and staff to run and prepare the budgeting because of the workload is vast. But this method creates a positive outcome such as better management and allocation of resource. The management cans appraise the operation from the viewpoint of in depth study of productivity, output, and cost and so forth. It encourages manager at all levels in the organization to participate in the budgeting progress. Zero based budgeting is focus on efficient of allocation resource and it depends on the manager capacity of persuasion which has to persuade the other management to support. At the end, although zero based budgeting has a lot of benefit when it implement, in this organization. But they do not have that much resource to apply full set of zero based budgeting since they are non-profit organization and the resource is limited, hence, the optimum suggestion is that they can exercise part of incremental budgeting and part of zero based budgeting or just partial implementation of zero based budgeting to solve the resource allocation problems.

The Symbolic Pearl in Hawthornes The Scarlet Letter :: Scarlet Letter essays

Pearls have always held a great price to mankind, but no pearl had ever been earned at as high a cost to a person as in Hester Prynne, a powerful Heroine in Nathaniel Hawthorne’s novel The Scarlet Letter. Her daughter Pearl, born into a Puritan prison in more ways than one, is an enigmatic character serving entirely as a vehicle for symbolism. From her introduction as an infant on her mother’s scaffold of shame to the stormy peak of the story, Pearl is an empathetic and intelligent child. Throughout the story she absorbs the hidden emotions of her mother and magnifies them for all to see. Pearl is the essence of literary symbolism. She is, at times, a vehicle for Hawthorne to express the inconsistent and translucent qualities of Hester and Dimmesdale’s unlawful bond, and at other times, a forceful reminder of her mother’s sin. Pearl Prynne is her mother’s most precious possession and her only reason to live, but Pearl also serves as a priceless trea sure purchased with Hester’s life. Pearl’s strange beauty and deeply enigmatic qualities make her the most powerful symbol Hawthorne has ever created. The product of Hester’s sin and agony, Pearl, was a painfully constant reminder of her mother’s violation of the Seventh Commandment: Thou shalt not commit adultery. Hester herself felt that Pearl was given to her not only as a blessing but a punishment worse than death or ignominy. She is tormented by her daughter’s childish teasing and endless questioning about the scarlet letter and its relation to Minister Dimmesdale. After Pearl has created a letter â€Å"A† on her own breast out of seaweed, she asks her mother: But in good earnest, now, mother dear, what does this scarlet letter mean? -- and why dost thou wear it on thy bosom? -- and why does the minister keep his hand over his heart? In saying this Pearl implies that she knows much, much more about the scarlet letter than she lets on. T hroughout the conversation Pearl is impish and teasing, saying one thing and contradicting it soon after. She refuses to say just what she means, which makes it hard for Hester to give a straight answer. Hester is shocked that her playful daughter has lead their conversation to the topic of the scarlet letter, and even more disturbed that she has assumed Hester’s letter and Dimmesdale’s habit of pressing his hand to his heart a branch from the same issue. The Symbolic Pearl in Hawthorne's The Scarlet Letter :: Scarlet Letter essays Pearls have always held a great price to mankind, but no pearl had ever been earned at as high a cost to a person as in Hester Prynne, a powerful Heroine in Nathaniel Hawthorne’s novel The Scarlet Letter. Her daughter Pearl, born into a Puritan prison in more ways than one, is an enigmatic character serving entirely as a vehicle for symbolism. From her introduction as an infant on her mother’s scaffold of shame to the stormy peak of the story, Pearl is an empathetic and intelligent child. Throughout the story she absorbs the hidden emotions of her mother and magnifies them for all to see. Pearl is the essence of literary symbolism. She is, at times, a vehicle for Hawthorne to express the inconsistent and translucent qualities of Hester and Dimmesdale’s unlawful bond, and at other times, a forceful reminder of her mother’s sin. Pearl Prynne is her mother’s most precious possession and her only reason to live, but Pearl also serves as a priceless trea sure purchased with Hester’s life. Pearl’s strange beauty and deeply enigmatic qualities make her the most powerful symbol Hawthorne has ever created. The product of Hester’s sin and agony, Pearl, was a painfully constant reminder of her mother’s violation of the Seventh Commandment: Thou shalt not commit adultery. Hester herself felt that Pearl was given to her not only as a blessing but a punishment worse than death or ignominy. She is tormented by her daughter’s childish teasing and endless questioning about the scarlet letter and its relation to Minister Dimmesdale. After Pearl has created a letter â€Å"A† on her own breast out of seaweed, she asks her mother: But in good earnest, now, mother dear, what does this scarlet letter mean? -- and why dost thou wear it on thy bosom? -- and why does the minister keep his hand over his heart? In saying this Pearl implies that she knows much, much more about the scarlet letter than she lets on. T hroughout the conversation Pearl is impish and teasing, saying one thing and contradicting it soon after. She refuses to say just what she means, which makes it hard for Hester to give a straight answer. Hester is shocked that her playful daughter has lead their conversation to the topic of the scarlet letter, and even more disturbed that she has assumed Hester’s letter and Dimmesdale’s habit of pressing his hand to his heart a branch from the same issue.

Sarcasm in News

North Korea, one of the most modern country in the world and well know of their great military power to protect their own country per their own claim. The government has spent huge amount of money in development of their weapon technology : from nuclear bomb to missiles. The citizens of North Korea are too proud of having such a wise government to allocate all their resources on weapon development instead of economics. They have been living peacefully. This Just mirrored a quote from Steve Jobs : stay hungry, stay happy ( originally Is stay hungry, ATA foolish).A Democratic Presidential Election? As they want to be a member In the democratic world. , recently, they conducted a presidential election. What they believe Is this mechanism can serve a tool to shake hand with the western and express their democratic culture. The voting system Is designed as below: the voter will be given a choice. The ballot paper contained two boxes: one In which to vote for the party , and another where anyone who doesn't support the ruling party could write their name and address.As you can see, the voting process is widely open without anonymous vote. Isn't that wonderful? No need to be anonymous, just let everyone know who's your best choice. Eventually, the election is fair, open and peaceful. What percentage of the vote do you think: 52%, 63% or 85%? The answer is 100%. According to the official report, it said that 99. 97% of all registered voters across the country participated in the election, and 100% of them voted for the candidates were elected. The outcome equally expresses the absolute support and rust of all voters in the country.After the election, they have received congratulation letter from Iran : they described my election as â€Å"overjoyed to see that the hearts of the Korean people are fully behind their glorious chairman. † The U. S. President Obama is busy with his golf game and can not response this immediately. The only candidate and the final winne r Kim Gong-UN encourages him to comment this election result on his Face Book. The greet leader is willing to offer the successful experience to America.Sarcasm in News By Minnie eroded a quote from Steve Jobs : stay hungry, stay happy ( originally is stay hungry, stay foolish). A Democratic Presidential Election? As they want to be a member in the believe is this mechanism can serve a tool to shake hand with the western and express their democratic culture. The voting system is designed as below: the voter will be given a choice. The ballot paper contained two boxes: one in which to vote for the party , and another where anyone who doesn't support the ruling party could without anonymous vote. Isn't that wonderful? No need to be anonymous, Just let